Assessment of best practises and experience in water. Water harvesting in its broadest sense can be defined as the collection of runoff for its productive use. Water is an essential resource for lives and development. School of natural resource management and environmental sciences, haramaya university, dire dawa, ethiopia. Pdf social and economic potential of rainwater harvesting in. Water harvesting techniques, which harvest runoff from roofs or ground surfaces fall under. Facilitating livelihoods diversification through flood. Through the usaidsupported rrp, partners have rehabilitated community water points and livestock watering holes, constructed rainwater harvesting systems, trained health workers in emergency hygiene promotion, and distributed water treatment chemicals to. United nations office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs ochaethiopia.
Pdf socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in ethiopia. The high annual rainfall rates make rainwater harvesting one of the best options to mitigate water. The augmented resources can be harvested whenever needed. Surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. Rainwater harvesting system proposal an ongoing drought and increasing population have made water conservation a critical issue for the state of texas. Introduction ethiopia has a total population of 73. Design and technical evaluation of improved rainwater. This manual deals with both the rooftop and rock catchment rain water harvesting of water supply system. Water harvesting wh can be considered as a rudimentary form of irrigation in some areas water harvesting for agriculture is called runoff farming. The lack of clean water resources in ethiopia cause widespread issues including. Rainwater harvesting, in its broadest sense, is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater for human use from rooftops, land surfaces or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars and pots as well as engineered techniques. Water harvesting technologies a challenge to ethiopia. A likely reason may be the continued large dependence on rain water harvesting ponds for human consumption alongside the use of water from the public borehole systems, but more investigations would be required to confirm this proposition.
Water resources of ethiopia california state university. The wide scope of this book is consistent with the tenets of integrated water resources management, which demand that all water uses be. The case of alaba woreda, ethiopia rebeka amha ilri, addis ababa, ethiopia. Irrigation potential in ethiopia ethiopian agriculture. Turning finance into services for 2015 and beyond significant human resource capacity challenges, in particular at woreda that is, district level, despite large but disparate programbased capacity building initiatives. It is a follow up of the previous study conducted at edri on water harvesting and irrigation. Rain water harvesting, food security, propensity score matching, logistic regression. It is a method for inducing, collecting, storing and conserving local surface runoff for agriculture in arid and semiarid regions water collected from roof tops, courtyards and similar compacted or treated surfaces domestic purposes and garden crops micro catchment water. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers. Associate professor, department of economics, addis ababa university. Proposal to implement a rainwater harvesting system at st.
The rain water harvesting techniques usually found in asia and africa originate from practices employed by ancient civilizations within these regions and these still serve as a major source of water supply in rural areas theib. Rainwater harvesting in rural areas our field experiences1 c. Economic analysis of water harvesting technologies in ethiopia. Socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in ethiopia article pdf available in sustainable agriculture research 61. The new publication, impacts of rainwater harvesting. It is one of the purest form of water found on earth, because it is collected after it has vaporized and is almost as good as distilled water. The water handbook is the result of wide collaboration within unicef, and provides a broad overview of stateoftheart programming for water management, protection and supply. Water harvesting technologies a challenge to ethiopia iwmi.
Ground water harvesting through traditional water harvesting technology. It is a followup of the previous study conducted at edri on water harvesting and irrigation. Recent development in water harvesting practices in ethiopia. It encompasses the purification of rooftop water as well as stored rock. Amazing towers in ethiopia harvest clean water from thin. Mali, west africa, as a water and sanitation volunteer in a small rural town of four thousand people, with the hopes that i would be able to continue to build upon my research on rainwater harvesting methods in developing countries, specifically large scale rooftop catchments for potable water. In the eastern part of ethiopia, water shortage and lack of improved technology were the main problems, therefore practicing water harvesting. Rainwaterharvesting, food security, propensity score matching, logistic regression. As reported by various news outlets, nearly 75 percent of ethiopias 83 million people do not have access to clean drinking water making water contamination the leading cause of illness in the country. It is one of the purest form of water found on earth, because it is collected after it.
Ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha secretariat, addis ababa, ethiopia. Surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia 109 6. Explore rainwater harvesting with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. The cost of digging a catchment area even can be saved by rooftop collection of rainwater. Shanmugham2 introduction rainwater harvesting is undertaken mainly to capture the run off from the seasonal rains and store it for use in times of need. One can easily understand that watercentered development is the key for. Throughout this paper we have relied heavily on the ethiopian experience as the source of our examples because ethiopia typifies the conditions of many developing countries in terms of. Rainwater harvesting, besides being ecofriendly, is an economic practice as well. This excerpt from be your own utility gives six of the best methods for harvesting rainwater, as well as instructions on how to build your own water. Ethiopias longest unique river is the awash, while its longest shared with other nations is the nile. However, unlike its history, water is one of the most abundant.
Apr, 2014 after visiting ethiopia and seeing people forced to walk miles every day for water, an italian designer set his mind to creating a simple solution to provide clean water for any mountainous village. Ilri workshop, march 1416, addis ababa, ethiopia page 1 roles, constraints and opportunities of small scale irrigation and water harvesting in ethiopian agricultural. Also, over 90% of the food supply comes from rain fed small holder agriculture, although there is an increase of largescale irrigated. Water harvesting techniques gather water from an area termed the catchment area and channel it to the cropping area or wherever it is required. We introduced a flood barrier, water spreading weirs wsws in 2015 to convert floods to a productive use and assessed its effect in 2016 and 2017. Rainwater harvesting seminar and ppt with pdf report.
Rainwater harvesting technology practices and implication of. Since then rainwater was harvested and stored in ponds for agricultural and domestic water supply. Water harvesting has been promoted in ethiopia on the basis of augmenting. Rainwater harvesting initiatives have helped those facing drought in india, china and mexico and could be the answer to improving water quality in ethiopia on a widespread basis. However, water withdrawn for agriculture represents only an estimated four percent of the overall countrys available renewable water resources.
Adopting himalayan practices in ethiopian highlands. Access to water supply and sanitation in ethiopia is amongst the lowest in subsaharan africa and the entire world. The storage is made on the ground surface or underground, depending upon. While access has increased substantially with funding from foreign aid, much still remains to be done to achieve the millennium development goal of halving the share of people without access to water and sanitation by 2015, to improve sustainability and to improve service quality. Rainwater harvesting is the practice of collecting the water produced during rainfall events before it has a chance to run off into a river or stream or. Ethiopia is endowed with enormous water resources having surface water and groundwater potential but access to water is limited due to. Now, most people rely on water from a municipal provider or a water district. Upon approval, the columbia water center cwc team at the earth institute, columbia university, focused on planning a visit to the. This thesis examines the economic aspects of water harvesting by exploring. This costly, high quality water is also used for landscape irrigation, when rainwater harvesting could provide an alternative. Although several definitions of water harvesting wh have been. The experience of water harvesting in the drylands of ethiopia. Ground water harvesting through traditional water harvesting. An introduction to rainwater harvesting general description ainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops, the land surface or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars and pots as well as more complex techniques such as underground check dams.
Thus, there is now increasing interest to the low cost alternative. Afar in ethiopia is a drought prone area characterized by low rainfall, high temperature and suffering from flash flood emerging from adjacent mountains. Pdf socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in. Rainwater harvesting seminar report, ppt, pdf for civil. Water harvesting is a traditional conservation technique, and there is. Challenges to developing irrigation in ethiopia 30 2. Conservation techniques conserve water within the biomass and the soil by reducing runoff and keeping the water where it falls, as much as possible. The water handbook is the result of wide collaboration within unicef, and provides a broad overview of stateoftheart programming. In relation to these challenges, the following priority actions.
Extension and training programs are also designed to pay particular attention to enhancing farmers capacity to use water resources efficiently, and help build communitylevel institutional structures necessary for effective irrigation and water resource management. Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collection and storage of rainwater from catchments areas kun et al. Also explore the seminar topics paper on rainwater harvesting with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year civil engineering ce or ieee civil construction btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Even though a number of soil and water conservation methods were introduced to combat land degradation, adoption of these practices remains below expectations. Dec 22, 2016 one method of improving water quality in ethiopia is to implement rainwater harvesting techniques. Impacts of rainwaterharvesting and socio economic factors. Pdf a project report on rainwater harvesting at amit. After visiting ethiopia and seeing people forced to walk miles every day for water, an italian designer set his mind to creating a simple solution to provide clean water for any mountainous village. The actual materials and methods used will vary with the catchment surface, the location and size of storage containers, and how the water will be used. Rainwater harvesting is a strategy of collection and storage space of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the seepage of surface water into subsoil water channels. Draft project proposal on rainwater harvesting at nit campus. Future landscapes must conserve water to be sustainable. The rain water harvesting may be defined as the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer before it is lost as surface run off. Water harvesting for multiple use in ethiopia mustrain 3 roles of partners the irc international water and sanitation centre is a thinkand do tank focused on the wash and iwrm sectors but with a strong interest in crosssectoral approaches to development and a background as a founder member of the mus group.
The scarcity of water in ethiopia is a dire situation in need of relief. Rain harvesting to improve water quality in ethiopia. Ethiopia, fluoride, fluorosis, rift valley, water, health. Roles, constraints and opportunities of small scale. Rainwater harvesting rwh in ethiopia dates back to the preaxumit period 560bc ketsela 2009. Cities, as great consumers of water resource are causing an increment in cost and uncertainty in water supply. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms.
While ethiopia has relatively abundant water resources, it is considered water stressed due to rapid population growth over the last decade. Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for more than 4,000 years, owing to. Rainwater harvesting is the practice of collecting the water produced during rainfall events. A case study of rainwater harvesting for domestic, livestock, environmental and agricultural use in kusa by orodi odhiambo, alex oduor and. Clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the high population growth, water pollution and climate change.
Rainwater harvesting in rural areas our field experiences1. A waterfall on the awash river laden with mud after a storm in central ethiopias oromia region. Wells ran dry or provided poor quality water, so rainwater was sometimes the best alternative. Dec 26, 2017 rainwater harvesting is a strategy of collection and storage space of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the seepage of surface water into subsoil water channels. Unicef programme division is pleased to present the water handbook part of the guidelines series on water, environment and sanitation. Runoff may be harvested from roofs and ground surfaces as well as from intermittent or ephemeral watercourses. The system is made up of components that catch, convey, clean, store, and distribute water figure 1. Pdf clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the high population growth, water pollution, and climate change find.
International livestock research institute ilri addis ababa, ethiopia. Both yields and reliability of production can be significantly improved with this method. Archeological remains of a rwh installation in an old castle of fasil, built in the 15th and 16th centuries, provide evidence for its ancient use in ethiopia getachew 1999. Our earth is covered with 75% of water and 25% of land but water scarcity is a global issue because the large extent of water is not used for the domestic purpose, irrigation purpose and one of the solutions for such problem is the rainwater harvesting. The average rainfall in ethiopia is 800mm per annum. In urban areas, harvesting rainwater for irrigation will take the strain off municipal water supplies, delay building expensive new water treatment plants, and reduce. In this paper we take a birds eye view at the technical aspects of development of water resources, from direct use of surface waters to tapping of groundwater. In the absence of runoff sewers systems in some urban areas, rainfall harvesting from parking lots and rooftops for various domestic uses that do not require potable water, such as irrigation, vehicle and cloth. And indeed, drought conditions rainfall failure prevail more frequently in this country than in most others. Amazing towers in ethiopia harvest clean water from thin air. Harvesting, storing, and treating rainwater for domestic use chapter 1 introduction rainwater and snowmelt are the primary sources of all drinking water on the planet. Water harvesting wh can be considered as a rudimentary form of irrigation in some areas water harvesting for agriculture is.
1150 1453 1322 610 898 581 651 35 1333 268 332 1200 1396 1046 1314 1346 245 1391 8 1524 364 620 765 883 805 1362 1170 1174 1337 664 1342 655 784 1199 878 1103